Anatomy of the Face
As part of the Master Scientific Illustration program I wrote a thesis on facial expression. The first part of the thesis was all about the general anatomy of the face. I started off by making drawings of the skull from three different perspectives: the front, side and three-quarter view. All three drawings were made in pencil.
Reconstruction
The skull drawings I subsequently used to reconstruct the muscular anatomy. Starting with the deepest muscles, adding more and more superficial muscles on top in every layer.
Layer 1
32. M. temporalis
33. M. masseter, pars superficialis
34. M. masseter, pars profunda
35. M. stylohyoideus
36. M. digastricus
Layer 2
29. M. levator anguli oris
30. M. buccinator
31. M. mentalis
Layer 3
22. M. nasalis, pars transversa
23. M. nasalis, pars alaris
24. M. dilator naris anterior
25. M. compressor narium minor
26. M. levator labii superioris
27. M. depressor septi nari
28. M. orbicularis oris
Layer 4
13. M. frontalis, pars medialis
14. M. frontalis, pars lateralis
15. M. corrugator supercilii
16. M. procerus
17. M. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
18. M. zygomaticus major
19. M. risorius
20. M. platysma
21. M. depressor labii inferioris
Layer 5
1. M. levator palpebrae superioris (tendon)
2. Tarsal plate
3. M. depressor supercilii
4. M. orbicularis oculi, pars palpebralis
5. M. orbicularis oculi, pars orbitalis
6. M. zygomaticus minor
7. M. depressor anguli oris
8. M. auricularis anterior
9. M. temporoparietalis
10. M. auricularis superior
11. M. auricularis posterior
12. M. occipitalis